Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives: Biological Activities and Applications covers the key aspects of biopolymers found in marine animals and plants, and their derivatives, namely, their properties, sources, production, and applications in food science and technology as well as biological, biomedical, industrial, and agricultural fields.

Features:

• Devotes attention solely to the biological activities and industrial applications of chitosan, chitosan, oligosaccharides, and their derivatives
• Explains underlying science and emerging concepts
• Provides balance between the materials, functionalities, and applications of various compounds
• Contains more than 100 Tables & Figures and more than 800 References

Written by 40 international contributors who are leading experts in the field of natural biomaterials, this book provides an overview of the sources and production of chitin and chitosan derivatives. It also covers their:

• Physical and chemical aspects
• Structural modifications for biomedical applications
• Biological activities, in particular, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihypertensive, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities
• Biomedical applications, including their possible implications as drug, vaccine, and gene carriers
• Industrial and agricultural applications

Contents

The Sources and Production of Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives

1. Chitin and Chitosan from Terrestrial Organisms
2. Chitin and Chitosan from Marine Organisms
3. Chitin and Chitosan from Microorganisms
4. Enzymatic Production of Chitin from Crustacean Shell Waste
5. Continuous Production of Chitooligosaccharides by Enzymatic Hydrolysis
6. Biosynthesis of Cellulose–Chitosan Composite

Physical and Chemical Aspects of Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives

7. Chemical Derivatization of Chitosan for Plasmid DNA Delivery: Present and Future
8. X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Derivatives
9. Mechanical Properties of Chitosan and Chitosan–Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Blend Films
10. Electrostatic Properties of Chitosan
11. Applications of Mass Spectrometry to Analyze Structure and Bioactivity of Chitooligosaccharides
12. The Use of Various Types of NMR and IR Spectroscopy for Structural Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan

Structural Modifications of Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives

13. Chemical Modifications of Chitosan Intended for Biomedical Applications
14. Enzymatic Modifications of Chitin and Chitosan

Biological Activities of Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives

15. Antimicrobial Activity of Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Oligosaccharides
16. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Derivatives
17. Chitosan Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
18. Antioxidative Activity of Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Derivatives
19. Effects of Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Derivatives on Human Hemostasis
20. Antihypertensive Actions of Chitosan and Its Derivatives
21. Anticancer Activity and Therapeutic Applications of Chitosan Nanoparticles
22. Antidiabetic Activity and Cholesterol-Lowering Effect

Biomedical Applications of Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives

23. Chitin/Chitosan Oligosaccharides: Effective Substrates for Functional Analysis of Chitinases/Chitosanases
24. Low-Molecular-Weight Water-Soluble Chitosan with Free Amine Group for Drug Delivery
25. Chitosan/Chitosan Derivatives as Carriers and Immunoadjuvants in Vaccine Delivery
26. Chitosan-Conjugated DNA Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Gene Therapy
27. Chitinolytic Enzymes from the Moderately Thermophilic Bacterium Ralstonia sp. A-471: Characterization and Application
28. Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives as DNA and siRNA Carriers
29. Metabolic Pathway of Chitin and Its Oligosaccharides in Marine Bacterium Vibrios
30. Medical Applications of Chitin and Chitosan: Going Forward
31. Radiation Functionalization and Applications of Chitosan and Its Derivatives
32. Applications of Chitosan Oligosaccharide and Glucosamine in Dentistry
33. Applications of Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Veterinary Medicine

Industrial Applications of Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives

34. Separation Membranes from Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives
35. Hydrophobically Modified Acylated Chitosan Particles for Drug Delivery Applications: An Overview
36. Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Derivatives in Beverage Industry
37. Chitin Nanofibrils and Their Derivatives as Cosmeceuticals
38. Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Oligosaccharides in Food Industry
39. Chitin/Chitosan and Derivatives for Wastewater Treatment

Agricultural and Biotechnology Applications of Chitin and Chitosan and Their Derivatives

40. Chitin, Chitosan Derivatives Induced the Production of Secondary Metabolites and Plant Development through In Vitro and In Vivo Techniques
41. Mechanism and Application of Chitin/Chitosan and Their Derivatives in Plant Protection
42. Enhancing Crop Production with Chitosan and Its Derivatives

Index

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