Analytical Methods for Drinking Water illustrates recent scientific advances in this area, which have contributed to policy development and will be of direct use to policy-makers, water scientists, researchers and analytical laboratories.

Features:

• Focuses on bromate in drinking water
• Details on standardization aspects (pre-normative research) related to materials in contact with drinking water
• Deals with the development of a sampling protocol for lead in drinking water, thus mixing analytical development with standardization needs

Contents

DrinkingWater Regulations

• EU Directive on Drinking Water – Past, Present and Future
• EU Water Legislation
• The Drinking Water Directives – Revision Processes
• Main Aspects of the Drinking Water Directives
• Revision of the DWD and WHO Guidelines
• Drinking Water Regulations in the United States
• History of the Safe Drinking Water Act
• Development of Regulations
• Highlights of the Safe Drinking Water Act
• Implementation of Regulations
• Requirements to be met by Laboratories and Analytical Methods
• Standardization in CEN TC 230 Water Analysis and ISO TC 147 Water Quality
• Development of Standards in ISO/TC 147
• Special Standards Development Procedures
• Drafting of Standards
• EU Requirements for Standard Methods

Bromate Determination

• Ion Chromatographic Methods
• Identification and Removal of the Main Interferences
• Sample Pre-treatment Automation
• Alternative Laboratory Methods
• Ion Chromatography / ICP-MS
• Ion Chromatography Spectrophotometry Detection
• Ion Pair Chromatography – Fluorescence Detection
• Flow Injection – ICP-MS
• Field-based Methods
• Spectrophotometric Method with Methylene Blue
• Flow Injection – Spectrophotometric Detection
• Stability of Bromate
• Effect of Water Matrix on Bromate Stability
• Stability of Bromate Species Immobilized on Alumina Microcolumns
• Interlaboratory Excercise for Bromate Determination
• Toxicity, Occurrence and Current Status of Bromate in Drinking Waters

Lead Monitoring

• Factors Determining the Lead Concentration in Drinking Water
• Sources of Lead in Drinking Water
• Factors Determining the Lead Concentration in Drinking Water
• Sampling of Lead in Drinking Water
• Available Sampling Procedures
• Definition of a ‘Representative Sample’
• Representative Sampling at an Individual Consumer’s Tap
• Lead Analyses in Tap Water
• Comparison of Sampling Procedures in the Field
• European Study
• Applied Sampling Procedures
• Characteristics of Test Areas
• Applied Test Procedures
• Performance Criteria of Sampling Protocols
• Representativeness of the Tested Protocols
• Reproducibility of the Tested Protocols
• Costs, Practicality and Consumer Acceptance
• Final Evaluation of Sampling Procedures
• Experience with the Monitoring Protocol in France
• Fit for Purpose Lead Monitoring Protocols
• The Requirements for Sampling and Monitoring Lead in Accordance with the DWD 98/83/EC
• Sampling and Monitoring Strategy
• Lead Monitoring Purposes
• Lead Levels in Drinking Water in Tap Water
• Overview of Lead Levels in Test Areas
• Effect of Water Composition
• Effect of Plumbing Materials
• Water Consumption

Materials in Contact with Drinking Water

• Parameters Used for the Control of Materials Effects
• Organoleptic Assessments
• General Hygiene Assessments
• Substances that Pose a Risk to Health
• Enhancement of Microbial Growth
• Test Procedure for Metallic Materials
• Metallic Materials
• Experiments within Conormative Research
• Test Procedure for Cementitious Materials
• Effect of Preconditioning and Migration Water
• Reproducibility Tests
• Effect of Preconditioning at Different Ageing Times

Index

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