Applied Mixed Models in Medicine presents an overview of the theory of mixed models applied to problems in medical research.

Features:

• Fully updated to include up-to-date references and developments.
• Computer examples updated to the latest edition of SAS, and now includes more discussion of other software options
• Includes many more examples using real data, including examples from health research and epidemiology
• Includes a new section on missing data, and a serious update of the material on repeated measures
• Supported by a Website featuring computer code, data sets, and further material

Contents

Introduction

• The Use of Mixed Models
• Introductory Example
• A Multi-Centre Hypertension Trial
• Repeated Measures Data
• More about Mixed Models

Normal Mixed Models

• Model Definition
• Model Fitting Methods
• The Bayesian Approach
• Practical Application and Interpretation

Generalised Linear Mixed Models

• Generalised Linear Models
• Generalised Linear Mixed Models
• Practical Application and Interpretation

Mixed Models for Categorical Data

• Ordinal Logistic Regression (Fixed Effects Model).
• Mixed Ordinal Logistic Regression
• Mixed Models for Unordered Categorical Data
• Practical Application and Interpretation

Multi-Centre Trials and Meta-Analyses

• Introduction to Multi-Centre Trials
• The Implications of using Different Analysis Models
• Example: A Multi-Centre Trial
• Practical Application and Interpretation
• Sample Size Estimation
• Meta-Analysis
• Example: Meta-analysis

Repeated Measures Data

• Covariance Pattern Models
• Example: Covariance Pattern Models for Normal Data
• Example: Covariance Pattern Models for Count Data
• Random Coefficients Models
• Examples of Random Coefficients Models
• Sample Size Estimation

Cross-Over Trials

• Advantages of Mixed Models in Cross-Over Trials
• The AB/BA Cross-Over Trial
• Higher Order Complete Block Designs
• Incomplete Block Designs
• Optimal Designs
• Covariance Pattern Models
• Analysis of Binary Data
• Analysis of Categorical Data
• Use of Results from Random Effects Models in Trial Design

Other Applications of Mixed Models

• Trials with Repeated Measurements within Visits
• Multi-Centre Trials with Repeated Measurements
• Multi-Centre Cross-Over Trials
• Hierarchical Multi-Centre Trials and Meta-Analysis
• Matched Case–Control Studies
• Different Variances for Treatment Groups in a Simple Between-Patient Trial
• Estimating Variance Components in an Animal Physiology Trial
• Inter- and Intra-Observer Variation in Foetal Scan Measurements
• Components of Variation and Mean Estimates in a Cardiology Experiment
• Cluster Sample Surveys
• Small AreaMortality Estimates
• Estimating Surgeon Performance
• Event History Analysis
• A Laboratory Study Using aWithin-Subject 4 × 4 Factorial Design
• Bioequivalence Studies with Replicate Cross-Over Designs
• Cluster Randomised Trials

Software for Fitting Mixed Models

• Packages for Fitting Mixed Models
• Basic use of PROC MIXED
• Using SAS to Fit Mixed Models to Non-Normal Data

Index

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