Biolubricants: Science and Technology provides comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of bio-based lubricants, an ecologically friendly and promising sustainable solution for engineering lubricants.

Coverage includes:

• formulating bio-based lubricant
• principles of lubrication
• fossil and bio-based feedstock resources for biodegradable lubricants
• catalytic, (bio)chemical functionalisation processes
• markets for biolubricants, issues to consider in selection, disposal and future trends of biolubricants
• scientific and technological developments enabling the cost-effective improvement of biolubricants

Contents

1. Renewable lubricants

• Scope

2. Principles of lubrication

• Purpose of lubrication
• Friction and lubrication conditions

3. Lubricants: properties and characteristics

• Lubricant base stocks
• Classifications for oils and lubricating greases
• Eco designations for lubricants
• Environmentally acceptable lubricants
• Physico-chemical properties of lubricants

4. The transition from reliance on fossil resources to biomass valorisation

• Biomass
• Transformation of biomass to bioproducts
• Biomass potentials and limitations

5. Renewable feedstocks for lubricant production

• Natural vegetable oils and fats in lubrication
• Industrial oil-crop engineering
• Bio-based wax esters
• Plant polymeric carbohydrates

6. Chemical transformations of renewable lubricant feedstocks

• Chemically modified fatty compounds in lubrication
• Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in lubrication
• Modified starch-based lubricants

7. Formulating lubricating oils

• Lubricant additive technology
• Additive design for renewable lubricants
• Biolubricant formulations

8. Quality assurance of biolubricants

• Biolubricant quality requirements
• Biolubricant quality management
• Quality control of biolubricant feedstocks
• Standardised methods for testing lubricating fluids and greases
• Biolubricant process and product quality control
• Biolubricant analytical methodology
• Quality of in-service lubricants

9. Legislation of relevance to lubricants

• Chemicals policy initiatives
• (Bio)lubricant regulations
• Ecolabels and international standards

10. Biolubricant product development

• Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specifications for lubricants
• Biolubricant standardisation
• Performance tests for lubricants and lubricating greases
• Biolubricant research and technology development (RTD)

11. Environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) of lubricants

• Life-cycle assessment (LCA)
• Sustainable product design

12. Biolubricant product groups and technological applications

• Automotive lubricants
• Hydraulic oils
• Biodegradable loss lubricants
• Marine lubricants
• Biodegradable gear lubrication oils
• Biodegradable compressor oils
• Biodegradable turbine oils
• Biodegradable metalworking fluids (MWFs) and metal-forming lubricants
• Lubricants in the food-processing industry
• Biodegradable lubricating greases
• Specialty lubricants
• Solid biodegradable lubricants
• Process oils

13. Markets for biolubricants

• European biolubricant markets
• Biolubricant markets in the United States
• Market opportunities for bio-based lubricants

14. Lubricant use and disposal

• Selection of (renewable) oil lubricants and greases
• Lubricant consolidation
• Degradation of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids
• Operational maintenance
• Essential properties of used oil
• Disposal of spent lubricants

15. Advanced lubricant fluids

• Ionic liquids (Ils)

16. Epilogue: the outlook for biolubricant science and technology

• Biodegradable lubricants for a sustainable life
• Technology advances
• Biolubricants: drivers and barriers

Index

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