Carbonated Soft Drinks: Formulation and Manufacture is a practical book covering carbonated soft drinks production in the 21st century, and presenting the latest information on carbonation and filling methods.

There are also chapters on bottle design, can making, general packaging considerations, production planning and distribution, quality assurance, environmental and legislative issues, and more!

Contents

Introduction

• Early history
• The growth of carbonates - production
• Technological development
• Recent technological development
• The growth of carbonates - consumption
• Changing public perception and future challenges

Water Treatment

• Water quality
• Town mains water
• Boreholes
• How to achieve the desired water quality
• Sand filtration
• Coagulation
• Alkalinity reduction
• Membrane filtration
• Chlorination and carbon filtration
• Iron removal
• Nitrate removal
• Polishing filters
• Ultraviolet systems
• Ozone technology
• De-aeration
• Factory water distribution systems
• Factory water systems

Ingredients and Formulation of Carbonated Soft Drinks

• Factors influencing development of the industry
• The move towards standardization
• The constituents of a soft drink
• Water
• Saccharides and high-intensity sweeteners
• Carbon dioxide
• Acidulants
• Flavorings
• Colors
• Preservatives
• More functional ingredients
• Retroscpective investigation of a soft drink
• Food safety

Syrup Preparation and Syrup Room Operations

• Syrup composition
• Syrup rooms and proportioning systems
• The modern syrup room
• Instrumentation
• Sugar
• Pre-mixes
• Pasteurization
• clean-in-place systems
• Process plant hygiene requirements
• Syrup room building design

Carbon Dioxide, Carbonation and the Principles of Filling Technology

• Carbon dioxide
• Production of carbon dioxide
• Specification of carbon dioxide
• Delivery to the customer
• Carbon dioxide storage
• Carbonation
• Carbonation systems
• Filling principles
• Nitrogen

Modern Filling Systems for Carbonated Soft Drinks

• Modern carbonation systems
• Counter-pressure fillers
• Glass bottle filling
• PET bottle filling
• Can filling
• Other filler options
• Clean-in-place
• Filler hygienic design

Bottle Design, Manufacture and Related Packaging

• The objectives of packaging
• Glass
• Plastic bottles
• Closures for carbonated soft drinks
• Cans and ends
• Labels and labeling

Secondary Packaging Considerations

• Requirements of the supply chain
• Pack styles
• Shrink film production
• Corrugated fibreboard
• Stretch wrap
• Pallets and pallet stacking
• Case and pallet labeling
• Getting it wrong
• Developments and testing

Production Systems

• Philosophy of line layouts
• Glass bottle filling lines
• Can filling lines
• PET bottle filling lines
• Conveying systems
• Inspection systems
• Breakdown characteristics
• Line control and management systems
• Complete factory layouts
• Buildings
• Performance measurement and benchmarking

Production Planning and Distribution

• Supply Chain Principles
• Forecasting
• Planning
• Warehousing
• Transport and legislation
• Measuring supply chain performance

Quality, Environment and Food Safety Systems

• Why have systems?
• Management control
• Management systems
• International management systems - why?
• The standards
• ISO standards - common elements
• The quality management system - BS EN ISO 9001
• The food safety management system - BS EN ISO 22000
• The environmental management system - BS EN ISO 14001

Index

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