Revised Edition
by Dwight G. Weldon
From thickness and adhesion issues to wear and flow, there are many reasons why, despite advances in surface preparation technology and application techniques, paints and coatings can fail.
Whilst failures can be inevitable, premature failures are often avoidable; sound knowledge of coatings chemistry and a rigorous application of the techniques discussed here will aid the investigator to solve thse failures quickly and efficiently.
Failure Analysis of Paints and Coatings:
- Entirely devoted to the failure analysis of coatings and paints – an “excellent reference to a select market”.
- Latest edition contains new material on surface preparation, transfer of salt to steel from contaminated abrasive, effect of peak density on coating performance, on galvanizing, silane-modified coatings, polyurea coatings, polyaspartics, and powder coatings and on dry spray.
- Balances scientific background and practical advice, giving both the theory and applications in a slim, easily readable form.
- Includes case studies of laboratory tests.
- Written by an author with over 25 years of experience in the paint and coatings industry
Contents
1. General Principles of Coating Formuation
- Binders Pigments
- Solvents
- Additives
- Formulation Concepts: Pigment-to-Binder Ratio
- Formulation Concepts: Pigment-Volume Concentration
- Formuation Concepts: Density, Weight Solids and Volume Solids
2. Why Coatings Work and Why They Fail
- Why Coatings Work
- Why Coatings Fail
3. Pigments
- Inorganic Pigments
- Extender Pigments
- Corrosion-Resistant Pigments
- Organic Pigments
4. Additives and Solvents
- Anti-settling Agents
- Viscosity Modifiers
- Surfactants and Emulsifying Agents
- De-foaming and Anti-foaming Agents
- Driers
- Plasticizers
- Ultraviolet Stabilizers
- Anti-skinning Agents
- Biocides
- Flow-Modifying Agents
5. Coating Types and Common Failure Modes
- Natural Resins and Oils
- Alkydds and Epoxy Esters
- Epoxies
- Modified Epoxies
- Phenolics
- Amino Resins
- Acrylics
- Polyesters
- Polyurethanes
- Vinyls
- Bituminous Coatings
- Inorganic and Silicone-Modified Coatings
- Polyureas
- Powder Coatings
6. Applications-Related Problems
- Brush and Roller
- Spray Applicatiions
- Flow Coating
- Roll Coating
- Powder Coating
- Coating Faiures Related to Application Problems
7. Field Methdos
8. Analytical Methods
- Light Microscopy
- Infrared Spectroscopy
- Gas Chromatography (GC)
- Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)
- Ion Chromatography
- Scanning Electron Microscopy
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
- Miscellaneous Methods of Analysis
9. Physical Methods
- Adhesion
- Flexibility and Impact Resistance
- Solvent Resistance
- Weathering Resistance
- Chemical Resistance
- Freeze-Thaw
- Application Variables
10. Examples of Coating Failures
- Urethane Topcoat Disbonding from Epoxy
- Blistering of an Epoxy Tank Coating
- Crackling and Delamination of Epoxy Coating Systems on Masonry Walls
- Discolouration of Coil-Coated Aluminium Siding
- Discolouration and Delamination of Plastisol
- Delamination of Floor Coating
- Felamination of Dry-Fall Alkyd
- Coal Tar Epoxy Failure
- Splitting of Inorganic Zinc-Rich Primer
- Defects on Electro-Coated Panels
- Failure of coated Light Poles
- Blistering of Coating on Concrete Floor, Number 1
- Blistering of Coating on Concrete Floor, Number 2
- Peeling of Paint from Metal Chairs
- Failure of Railroad Car Liner
- Failure of Calcium Sulfonate Modified Alkyd Topcoat from a Bridge
- Discoloration of Furniture Lacquer
- Failure of Tank Car Lining
11. The Repair of Coating Failures
Index
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