Fundamentals of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion presents up-to-date coverage of the fundamentals of turbulence, combustion, and multiphase phenomena along with useful experimental techniques, including non-intrusive, laser-based measurement techniques, providing a firm background in both contemporary and classical approaches.
Beginning with two full chapters on laminar premixed and non-premixed flames, this book takes a multiphase approach, beginning with more common topics and moving on to higher-level applications.
Additional features of Fundamentals of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion:
- Addresses seven basic topical areas in combustion and multiphase flows, including laminar premixed and non-premixed flames, theory of turbulence, turbulent premixed and non-premixed flames, and multiphase flows
- Covers spray atomization and combustion, solid-propellant combustion, homogeneous propellants, nitramines, reacting boundary-layer flows, single energetic particle combustion, and granular bed combustion
- Provides experimental setups and results whenever appropriate
Contents
1 Introduction and Conservation Equations
- Why Is Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion Important?
- Different Applications for Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion
- Objectives of Combustion Modeling
- Combustion-Related Constituent Disciplines
- General Approach for Solving Combustion Problems
- Governing Equations for Combustion Models
- Definitions of Concentrations
- Definitions of Energy and Enthalpy Forms
- Velocities of Chemical Species
- Dimensionless Numbers
- Derivation of Species Mass Conservation Equation and Continuity Equation for Multicomponent Mixtures
- Momentum Conservation Equation for Mixture
- Energy Conservation Equation for Multicomponent Mixture
- Total Unknowns versus Governing Equations
2 Laminar Premixed Flames
- Basic Structure of One-Dimensional Premixed Laminar Flames
- Conservation Equations for One-Dimensional Premixed Laminar Flames
- Analytical Relationships for Premixed Laminar Flames with a Global Reaction
- Effect of Flame Stretch on Laminar Flame Speed
- Modeling of Soot Formation in Laminar Premixed Flames
3 Laminar Non-Premixed Flames
- Basic Structure of Non-Premixed Laminar Flames
- Flame Sheet Model
- Mixture Fraction Definition and Examples
- Flamelet Structure of a Diffusion Flame
- Time and Length Scales in Diffusion Flames
- Examples of Laminar Diffusion Flames
- Soot Formation in Laminar Diffusion Flames
4 Background in Turbulent Flows
- Characteristics of Turbulent Flows
- Statistical Understanding of Turbulence
- Conventional Averaging Methods
- Turbulence Models
- Probability Density Function
- Turbulent Scales
- Large Eddy Simulation
- Direct Numerical Simulation
5 Turbulent Premixed Flames
- Physical Interpretation
- Some Early Studies in Correlation Development
- Characteristic Scale of Wrinkles in Turbulent Premixed Flames
- Development of Borghi Diagram for Premixed Turbulent Flames
- Measurements in Premixed Turbulent Flames
- Eddy-Break-up Model
- Intermittency
- Flame-Turbulence Interaction
- Bray-Moss-Libby Model
- Turbulent Combustion Modeling Approaches
- Geometrical Description of Turbulent Premixed Flames and G-Equation
- Scales in Turbulent Combustion
- Closure of Chemical Reaction Source Term
- Probability Density Function Approach to Turbulent Combustion
6 Non-premixed Turbulent Flames
- Major Issues in Non-premixed Turbulent Flames
- Turbulent Damk¨ohler number
- Turbulent Reynolds Number
- Scales in Non-premixed Turbulent Flames
- Turbulent Non-premixed Combustion Regime Diagram
- Turbulent Non-premixed Target Flames
- Turbulence-Chemistry Interaction
- Probability Density Approach for Turbulent Non-premixed Combustion
- Flamelet Models
- Interactions of Flame and Vortices
- Generation and Dissipation of Vorticity Effects
- Non-premixed Flame–Vortex Interaction Combustion Diagram
- Flame Instability in Non-premixed Turbulent Flames
- Partially Premixed Flames or Edge Flames
7 Background in Multiphase flows with Reactions
- Classification of Multiphase Flow Systems
- Practical Problems Involving Multiphase Systems
- Homogeneous versus Multi-component/Multiphase Mixtures
- CFD and Multiphase Simulation
- Averaging Methods
- Local Instant Formulation
- Eulerian-Eulerian Modeling
- Eulerian-Lagrangian Modeling
- Interfacial Transport (Jump Conditions)
- Interface-Tracking/Capturing
- Discrete Particle Methods
8 Spray Atomization and Combustion
- Introduction to Spray Combustion
- Spray-Combustion Systems
- Fuel Atomization
- Spray Statistics
- Spray Combustion Characteristics
- Classification of Models Developed for Spray Combustion Processes
- Locally Homogeneous Flow Models
- Two-Phase-Flow (Dispersed-Flow) Models
- Group-Combustion Models of Chiu
- Droplet Collison
- Optical Techniques for Particle Size Measurements
- Effect of Droplet Spacing on Spray Combustion
Appendices
- Useful Vector and Tensor Operations
- Constants and Conversion Factors Often Used in Combustion
- Naming of Hydrocarbons
- Detailed Gas-Phase Reaction Mechanism for Aromatics Formation
- Particle Size–U.S. Sieve Size and Tyler Screen Mesh Equivalents
Index
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