This important two-volume work provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the latest research into managing hydrogen embrittlement in energy technologies.

Volume 2: Mechanisms, Modelling and Future Developments is divided into three parts.

Part One addresses the mechanisms of hydrogen interactions with metals including chapters on the adsorption and trap-sensitive diffusion of hydrogen and its impact on deformation and fracture processes.

Part Two investigates modern methods of modelling hydrogen damage so as to predict material-cracking properties.

Part Three deals with future directions in science and engineering to manage the hydrogen embrittlement of high-performance metals in energy systems.

Coverage includes:

• safety, durability, performance and economic operation of using gaseous hydrogen at high pressure
• mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement including absorption, diffusion and trapping of hydrogen in metals
• modelling hydrogen-induced damage and assessing service life
• mechanisms of hydrogen interaction with metals and how they can be modelled

CONTENTS

Part 1: Mechanisms of Hydrogen Interactions with Metals

1. Hydrogen adsorption on the surface of metals

• Adsorption effect
• Elementary processes in adsorption
• The structure of the H-Me adsorption complex
• Kinetic equations and equilibrium

2. Analysing hydrogen in metals: bulk thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) methods

• Principle of thermal desorption spectroscopy measurements (TDS)
• Experimental aspects of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS)
• Complementary techniques

3. Analysing hydrogen in metals: surface techniques

• Available techniques for analysing hydrogen
• Methods for analysing hydrogen in metals: basic principles
• Applications of hydrogen analysis methods
• Ion beam-based methods

4. Hydrogen diffusion and trapping in metals

• Solubility of hydrogen in metals
• Principles of hydrogen diffusion and trapping
• Modelling of hydrogen diffusion and trapping
• Measurement of hydrogen diffusion
• Hydrogen diffusion data

5. Control of hydrogen embrittlement of metals by chemical inhibitors and coatings

• Chemical barriers to hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE): gaseous inhibitors
• Physical barriers to (HEE)

6. The role of grain boundaries in hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) of steels

• Impurity effects
• Temper embrittlement and hydrogen
• Tempered-martensite embrittlement and hydrogen

7. Influence of hydrogen on the behavior of dislocations

• Dislocation motion
• Evidence for hydrogen dislocation interactions

Part 2: Modelling Hydrogen Embrittlement

8. Modelling hydrogen induced damage mechanisms in metals

• Pros and cons of proposed mechanisms
• Evolution of decohesion models
• Evolution of shear localization models

9. Hydrogen effects on the plasticity of face-centred cubic (ffc) crystals

• Study of dynamic interactions and elastic binding by static strain ageing (SSA)
• Modelling in the framework of the elastic theory of discrete dislocations
• Experiments on face centred cubic (fcc) single crystals oriented for single glide

10. Continuum mechanics modelling of hydrogen embrittlement

• Basic concepts
• Crack tip fields: asymptotic elastic and plastic solutions
• Crack tip fields: finite deformation blunting predictions
• Application of crack tip fields and additional considerations
• Stresses around dislocations and inclusions

11. Degradation models for hydrogen embrittlement

• Subcritical intergranular cracking under gaseous hydrogen uptake
• Subcritical ductile cracking: gaseous hydrogen exposure at pressures less than Mpa or internal hydrogen

12. Effect of inelastic strain on hydrogen-assisted fracture of metals

• Hydrogen embrittlement processes and assumptions
• Hydrogen damage models and assumptions
• Diffusion with dynamic trapping

13. Development of service life prognosis systems for hydrogen energy devices

• Current techniques for control of cracking in safety critical structures
• Future developments in crack control using prognostic systems
• Prognostic systems for crack control in hydrogen energy technologies

Part 3: The Future

14. Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of high-performance metals in energy systems: future trends

• Theory and modeling
• Nanoscale processes
• Dynamic crack tip processes
• Interfacial effects of hydrogen
• Measurement of localized hydrogen concentration
• Loading mode effects
• Hydrogen permeation barrier coatings
• Advances in codes and standards

Index

Also available:
Volume 1: The Problem, Its Characterisation and Effects on Particular Alloy Classes

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