Second Edition
by V.M. Malhotra
and N.J. Carino

• Provides a comprehensive treatment of nondestructive test methods used to evaluate concrete structures
• Summarizes surface hardness testing, as well as penetration resistance, pullout and break-off tests, maturity method, permeation properties, resonant frequency, and pulse velocity
• Explores combined methods, in which multiple techniques are used to estimate strength
• Highlights methods that measure non-strength characteristics such as moisture content, density, thickness, resistivity, and permeability
• Examines methods of measuring steel reinforcement characteristics related to bar location, size, and corrosion
• Describes magnetic, electrical, radioactive, nuclear, radar, stress wave, infrared thermography, and acoustic emission techniques

Handbook on Nondestructive Testing of Concrete provides a thorough analysis of nondestructive testing used to evaluate concrete structures. It examines the tools and techniques used to estimate the in-place strength of concrete and permeation properties that relate to potential durability, and also describes the methods used to assess the condition of concrete integrity and steel reinforcement.

The authors of each chapter are recognized specialists in the field who have served on technical committees for nondestructive testing. The chapters discuss the basic principles of the methods and offer practical guidance for their use. Extensive mathematical derivations are kept to a minimum; instead, the Handbook refers to numerous original papers for those interested in more detailed information.

This Second Edition meets your need to generate reliable estimates of mechanical properties without damaging a structure's integrity.

Contents

1. Surface Hardness Methods
   • Introduction
   • Indentation Methods
   • Rebound Method
   • Limitations
   • Rebound Number and Estimation of Compressive Strength
   • Rebound Number and Flexural Strength
   • Rebound Number and Modulus of Elasticity
   • North American Survey on the Use of the Rebound Hammer Standardization of Surface Hardness Methods
   • Limitations and Usefulness

2. Penetration Resistance Methods
   • Introduction
   • Probe Penetration Test System
   • Evaluation of the Probe Penetration Test
   • Pin Penetration Test
   • Standardization of Penetration Resistance Techniques
   • Limitations and Usefulness of Penetration Resistance Methods

3. Pullout Test
   • Introduction
   • Historical Background
   • Failure Mechanism
   • Statistical Characteristics
   • Applications

4. The Break-Off Test Method
   • Introduction
   • Theoretical Considerations
   • Break-Off Test Equipment
   • Historical Background
   • Test Procedure
   • Evaluation of Test Specimens
   • Applications
   • Advantages and Limitations
   • Standardization of the B.O. Method

5. The Maturity Method
   • Introduction
   • Historical Background
   • Theoretical Basis
   • Application of Maturity Method
   • Standard Practice

6. Pull-Off Test and Permeation Tests
   • Introduction
   • In Situ Strength Assessment
   • Measuring Concrete Permeation Properties
   • Description of Test Methods

7. Resonant Frequency Methods
   • Introduction
   • Resonant Frequency Method
   • Other Methods of Resonant Frequent Testing
   • Factors Affecting Resonant Frequency and Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity
   • Resonant Frequency and Durability of Concrete
   • Reproducibility of Test Results
   • Correlation Between Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity and Strength
   • Properties of Concrete
   • Comparison of Moduli of Elasticity Determined from Longitudinal and
   • Transverse Frequencies
   • Comparison of Dynamic and Static Moduli of Elasticity
   • Specialized Applications of Resonance Tests
   • Damping Properties of Concrete
   • Standardization of Resonant Frequency Methods
   • Limitations and Usefulness of Resonant Frequency Methods

8. The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method
   • Historical Background
   • Pulse Velocity Test Instrument
   • The Pulse Velocity Method
   • Factors Affecting the Pulse Velocity
   • Standardization of the Pulse Velocity Method
   • Applications
   • Advantages and Limitations

9. Combined Methods
   • Introduction
   • Historical Development
   • Combined Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Hardness Measurement Techniques

10. Magnetic/Electrical Methods
    • Magnetic/Electrical Methods
    • Magnetic Methods
    • Electrical Methods

11. Methods to Evaluate Corrosion of Reinforcement
    • Introduction
    • Principles of Corrosion
    • Corrosion of Steel in Concrete
    • Half-Cell Potential Method
    • Concrete Resistivity
    • Polarization Resistance

12. Radioactive/Nuclear Methods
    • Introduction
    • General Principles
    • Radio
    • Radiography
    • Neutron-Gamma Techniques

13. Short-Pulse Radar Methods
    • Introduction
    • Principle of Short-Pulse Radar
    • Instrumentation
    • Applications

14. Stress Wave Propagation Methods
    • Introduction
    • Basic Principles
    • Test Methods

15. Infrared Thermographic Techniques
    • Introduction
    • Historical Background
    • Theoretical Considerations
    • Testing Equipment
    • Testing Procedures
    • 15.6 Case Histories
    • Advantages and Limitations

16. Acoustic Emission Methods
    • Introduction
    • Historical Background
    • Theoretical Considerations
    • Evaluation of Acoustic Emission Signals
    • Instrumentation and Test Procedures
    • Parameters Affecting Acoustic Emissions from Concrete
    • Laboratory Studies of Acoustic Emission
    • Field Studies of Acoustic Emission

Index

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