This book is a definitive reference work on the design and operation of cane sugar manufacturing facilities. It covers cane sugar decolorization, filtration, evaporation and crystallization, centrifugation, drying, and packaging.

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION TO SUGAR REFINING
   
   • Glossary of Terms and Definitions
   • Outline of Refining Processes and Equipments
   • Automation in a Raw Cane Sugar Factory
   • Raw Sugar Storage and Handling
2. REFINING PROCESS AND OPERATIONS
   
   • Affination
   • Phosphatation for Turbidity and Color Removal
   • Carbonation for Turbidity and Color Removal
   • Granular Carbon Decolorization System .
   • A Pulse - Bed Granular Carbon Operation
   • Ion-Exchange Resin Decolorization Processes
   • Filtration Processes
   • Evaporation Theory and Practices
   • White Sugar Boiling/Crystallization
   • Centrifugation Operation
   • Sugar Drying, Conditioning and Storage
   • Sugar Packing, Warehousing and Shipping
   • Remelt/Recovery House Operation
   • Application of Membrane Technology in Sugar Processing
3. REFINERY DESIGN AND PROCESS CONTROL
   
   • Refining Design Criteria
   • Process Selection
   • Basic Instrumentation and Control
   • Operational Computer
   • Automation of a Sugar Refinery
   • Integration of Raw and Refined Sugar Operation
   • "Off-Crop" Sugar Refining
   • Energy/Utility Management
   • Technical and Sucrose Loss Control
   • Microbiological Control in Sugar Manufacturing
   • Refinery Maintenance Program
   • Environmental Quality Control
4. SPECIALTY SUGAR PRODUCTS
   
   • Brown/Soft Sugar
   • Areado Soft Sugar Process
   • Liquid Sugar Production
   • Microcrystalline Sugar
5. CHEMISTRY OF SUGAR REFINING
   
   • Refining Quality of Raw Sugar
   • None-Sugar and Sugar Refining
   • Raw Sugar Analysis
   • Refined Sugar Products and Analysis
   • On-Line Measurement and Instrumental Analysis

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