Industrial Biotransformations is unique in arranging each process in a systematic way to allow for easy comparison.

Features:

• All the processes updated and more than 30 new processes added
• Accompanied by key literature citations, supported by flow sheets where available, reduced to their significant elements
• Includes an extensive index classified by substrates, products, enzymes, and companies provides direct access to each process, organized according to enzyme class

Contents

History of Industrial Biotransformations – Dreams and Realities

• From the “Flower of Vinegar” to Recombinant E. Coli – The History of Microbial Biotransformations.
• From Gastric Juice to SweetzymeT – The History of Enzymatic Biotransformations.
• From Wine Bottle to a State-of-the-Art Facility – The History of Biochemical Engineering.
• Advantages of Biotransformations Over Classical Chemistry-Enzymes are proteins, things of beauty and a joy forever

The Enzyme Classification

• Enzyme Nomenclature.
• Enzyme Classes.
• EC 1 Oxidoreductases.
• EC 2 Transferases.
• EC 3 Hydrolases.
• EC 4 Lyases.
• EC 5 Isomerases.
• EC 6 Ligases

Retrosynthetic Biocatalysis

• Alkanes.
• Alkenes.
• Amines.
• Alcohols.
• Aldehydes.
• Ketones.
• Epoxides.
• Diols.
• Carboxylic Acids.
• Esters.
• Amides.
• Imines.
• Amino Acids.
• Hydroxy Acids.
• a-Hydroxy Ketones.
• b-Hydroxy Aldehydes, Ketones or Carboxylic Acids.
• Cyanohydrins, Hemithioacetals and Hemiaminals.
• Sulfoxides and Sulfones.
• Halides.
• Aromatics (Ring Functionalization).
• Cyclic Compounds.
• Carbohydrates.
• Peroxides.
• Isomers.
• Examples of Retrosynthetic Biotransformations

Optimization of Industrial Enzymes by Molecular Engineering

• Learning from Nature.
• Enzyme Production Using Bacterial Expression Hosts.
• Improvements to Enzymes by Molecular Engineering Techniques.
• Rational Enzyme Design.
• Directed Evolution.
• Random Mutagenesis Methods.
• Identification of Improved Enzyme Variants

Basics of Bioreaction Engineering

• Process Definitions.
• Definitions of Unit Operations.
• Biocatalyst Kinetics.
• Types of Biocatalysts.
• Enzyme Structure.
• Kinetics.
• Basic Reactor Types and their Modes of Operation.
• Mass and Energy Balances.
• Biocatalyst Recycling and Recovery.
• Entrapment.
• Cross-linking.
• Covalent Binding.
• Membrane Filtration.
• Reaction Parameters.
• Scale-up of Bioreactors.
• Recent Developments and Trends

Processes

• Oxireductases EC 1.
• Transferases EC 2.
• Hydrolases EC 3.
• Lyases EC 4.
• Isomerases EC 5

Quantitative Analysis of Industrial Biotransformation

Index

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