Features of Joint Cognitive Systems:

• Synthesizes basic results on how to design human work with complex systems
• Provides examples of CSE research and design successes
• Covers patterns in Cognitive Task Analysis
• Discusses basic findings or control laws that determine the behavior and performance of joint systems
• Comprehensive coverage of 20+ years of results on how Joint Cognitive Systems work and how to design them

Contents

Core Activities and Values

• Adaptability versus Limits
• Complementarity
• Core Values of CSE in Practice On Systems in CSE
• Patterns
• Discovering Patterns in Joint Cognitive Systems at Work
• A JCS at Work

Joint Cognitive Systems Adapt to Cope with Complexity

• Adaptation in Joint Cognitive Systems at work

Being Bumpable

• The Story: A Delay
• The Intensive Care Unit the Scene, the Cast, and BackDrop
• Coping with Complexity: Parceling out beds by the Bedmeister
• Artifacts as Tools: The Bed Book
• Preparing for Demand > Supply Situations
• Son of coping: Building an ICU from Scratch
• Piling Pelion on Ossa: Escalating Demands
• Observations on the Incident

Discovery as Functional Synthesis

• 'Being Bumpable' as An Example of Studying a JCS at work
• Insight and Functional Synthesis

Shaping the Conditions of Observation

• Three Families of Methods
• Converging Operations
• The Psychologist's Fallacy

Functional Syntheses, Laws, and Design

• Properties of Functional Syntheses
• On Laws that Govern Joint cognitive Systems at Work
• Challenges To Inform Design
• Patterns in How Joint Cognitive Systems Work

Archetypical Stories of Joint Cognitive Systems at Work

• Demands and Adaptation
• Affordances
• Coordination
• Resilience
• Story Archetypes in 'Being Bumpable'

Anomaly Response

• Control Centers in Action
• Cascading Effects
• Interventions
• Revision
• Fixation
• Generating Hypotheses
• Recognizing Anomalies
• The Puzzle of Expectancies
• Control of Attention
• Alarms and Directed Attention
• Updating Common Ground When a Team Member Returns
• Updating a Shared Frame of Reference
• Patterns in Anomaly Response

Patterns in Multi-Threaded Work

• Managing Multiple Threads in Time
• Tempo
• Escalation
• Coupling
• Premature Narrowing
• Reframing
• Dilemmas
• Over-Simplifications

Automation Surprises

• The Substitution Myth
• Surprises about Automation
• Brittleness
• Managing Workload in Time
• Tailoring
• Failure of Machine Explanation
• Why is technology so Often Clumsy?
• Making Automation a Team Player
• A Coordination Breakdown in Response to a Disrupting Event

On People and Computers in JCSS at Work

• Envisioning The Impact of New Technology
• Responsibility in Joint Cognitive Sytems at Work
• Problem-Holders
• Goal Conflicts
• Adapting to Double Binds
• Literal-Minded Agents
• Norbert's Contrast
• Directions for Designing Joint Cognitive Systems that Include Robotic Platforms
• Reverberations of New Robotic Technologies

Laws that Govern JCSS at Work

• A Tactic to Reduce the Mis-Engineering of Joint Cognitive Systems
• Five Families of First Principles or Laws
• Laws That Govern Joint Cognitive Systems at work
• Generic Requirements to Design Joint Cognitive Systems that Work
• Design Responsibility
• Patterns and Stories

Index

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