by Zory V. Todres

This timely and authoritative reference is on the electronic structure of organic ion radical species and their reactivity. In-depth discussion on current and developing technical applications of organic ion radicals as well as the formation and transformation of ion radicals in typical conditions of organic synthesis are all found in this book.

Organic Ion Radicals offers:

• an overview of organic ion radical reactions especially when applicable to ecological and biological processes
• examinations of the chemical and physical approaches to the identification of ion radical reactions
• the effects of chemical additive
• stereochemical aspects of ion radical reactivity
• the practical application of organic ion radicals to lubrication and delignification
• isotope enrichment of organic compounds as a result of ion radical formation

This book is a must-have for researchers and technologists who are carrying out syntheses and studying principles governing the choice of optimal organic reaction conditions. It will be useful for physical organic chemist, ecologists, biologists and specialists in electronics of organic materials, as well as professors, researchers, and students involved in the field of both general and organic chemistry.

Contents

1. Nature of Organic Ion Radicals and Their Ground-State Electron Structure
   • Unusual Features
   • Acid-Base Properties of Organic Ion Radicals
   • Metallocomplex Ion Radicals
   • Organic Ion Radicals with Several Un-paired Electrons and/or Charges
   • Polymeric Ion Radicals
   • Inorganic Ion Radicals in Reactions with Organic Substrates

2. Formation of Organic Ion Radicals
   • Chemical Methods of Organic Ion Radical Preparation
   • Equilibria in Liquid-Phase Electron-Transfer Reactions
   • Electrochemical Methods Versus Chemical Methods
   • Formation of Organic Ion Radicals in Living Organisms
   • Organic Ion Radicals in Solid Phases
   • Isotope-Containing Organic Compounds as Ion Radical Precursors

3. Basic Principles of Organic Ion Radical Reactivity
   • Principle of the "Detained" Electron that Controls Ion Radical Reactivity
   • Principle of the "Released" Electron that Controls Ion Radical Reactivity
   • Behavior of Organic Ion Radicals in Living Organisms

4. How to Discern Ion Radical Mechanisms of Organic Reactions
   • Why Does a Reaction Choose the Ion Radical Mechanism?
   • Chemical Approaches to the Indentification of Ion Radical Reactions
   • Physical Approaches to the Indentification of Ion Radical Reactions Examples of Complex Approaches to the Discernment of the Ion Radical Mechanism of Particular Reactions

5. How to Organize Organic Ion Radical Reactions
   • Physical Effects
   • Effect of Chemical Additives
   • Solvent Role
   • Salt Effects

6. Organic Ion Radicals in Synthesis
   • Reductive Reactions
   • Ion Radical Polymerization
   • Cyclization
   • Ring Opening
   • Fragmentation
   • Bond Formation

7. Practical Applications of Organic Ion Radicals
   • Organic Ion Radicals in Optoelectronics
   • Organic Metals
   • Organic Magnets
   • Organic Lubricants
   • Ion Radical Routes to Lignin Treatment

8. Concluding Remarks
   • SRN1 Reaction
   • Stereochemical Aspects of Ion Radical Reactivity

Index

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