edited by Steven C. McCutcheon
and Jerald L. Schnoor

Phytoremediation involves the use of vascular plants, algae, and fungi to remove and control waste or spur waste breakdown by microorganisms in the soil zone that surrounds and is influenced by the roots of plants. The diverse wastes that can be managed by using phytoremediation include xenobiotic organic chemicals, sewage, salts, nutrients, heavy metals, metalloids, and air pollutants. Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of Contaminants provides an authoritative account of the history and the most recent developments of this exciting, emerging field.

Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of Contaminants defines the current state of the science of phytoremediation and points the way to further possible applications. Site managers and engineers will receive guidance in selecting plants to clean up contaminated sites cost effectively, while plant ecologists and biochemists will appreciate the nuts and bolts analysis of how phytoremediation works, and suggestions of directions for research.

This one-of-a-kind text is divided into seven clearly defined sections for easy reference:

• Overview of Science and Applications
• Fundamentals of Phytotransformation and Control of Contaminants
• Science and Practice for Aromatic, Phenolic, and Hydrocarbon Contaminants
• Transformation and Control of Explosives
• Fate and Control of Chlorinated Solvents and Other Halogenated Compounds
• Modeling, Design, and Field-Pilot Testing
• Latest Advances

Environmental, remediation, and site engineers; site managers; plant and soil scientists; ecologists; and environmental toxicologists, chemists, and microbiologists will find Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of Contaminants to be an invaluable addition to their professional libraries.

Contents

1. Overview of Science and Applications
   1. Overview of the Phytotransformation and Control of Wastes
   2. Uptake and Metabolism of Organic Compounds
   3. Making Phytoremediation a Successful Technology

2. Fundamentals of Phytotransformation and Control of Contaminants
   4. Some Fundamental Advances for Xenobiotic Chemicals
   5. Enzymes Used by Plants and Microorganisms to Detoxify Organic Compounds
   6. Plant Tolerances to Contaminants
   7. Root Development and Rooting at Depths
   8. Measuring and Modeling Tree and Stand Level Transpiration

3. Science and Practice for Aromatic, Phenolic, and Hydrocarbon Contaminants
   9. Transformation of Organic Contaminants by Different Plant Systems
   10. Ecology of Rhizosphere Bioremediation
   11. Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Rhizosphere

4. Transformation and Control of Explosives
   12. Role of Plants in the Transformation of Explosives
   13. Transformation Kinetics of Trinitrotoluene Conversion in Aquatic Plants
   14. Proof of Phytoremediation for Explosives in Water and Soil
   15. Phytorestoration at the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant

5. Fate and Control of Chlorinated Solvents and Other Halogenated Compounds
   16. Sequestration and Transformation of Water Soluble Halogenated Organic Compounds Using Aquatic Plants, Algae, and Microbial Mats
   17. Fate of Trichloroethylene in Terrestrial Plants
   18. Uptake, Metabolism, and Phytovolatilization of Trichloroethylene by Indigenous Vegetation: Impact of Precipitation
   19. Multiple Process Assessment for a Chlorinated-Solvent Plume
   20. Five-Year Pilot Study: Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland

6. Modeling, Design, and Field-Pilot Testing
   21. Modeling and Design of Phytoremediation
   22. Hydrologic Feasibility Assessment and Design in Phytoremediation
   23. Waste Management Using Trees: Wastewater, Leachate, and Groundwater Irrigation
   24. Salt Tolerant Plants to Concentrate Saline Waste Streams

7. Latest Advances
   25. Metabolism and Genetics of Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Control Using Pollutant-Philic Plants
   26. Treatment of Atmospheric Halogenated Hydrocarbons by Plants and Fungi
   27. Phytoremediation of Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether
   28. Phytoremediation of Cyanide-Polluted Soils
   29. Phytoremediation of Perchlorate
   30. Databases and Protocol for Plant and Microorganism Selection: Hydrocarbons and Metals
   31. Field Evaluation of Phytotechnologies

Index of Names of Plants
Index

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