Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes adopts a unique systematic how-to-do approach—each chapter begins with a case history illustrating the topic and presenting the lessons learned from the incident. It analyzes a goldmine of numerous examples stemming from industrial practice, additionally providing a series of problems or case studies at the end of each chapter.

Divided into three distinct sections, Part One looks at the general aspects of thermal process safety, while Part Two deals with mastering exothermal reactions. The final section discusses the avoidance of secondary reactions, including heat accumulation and thermal confinement.

Contents

Part I: General Aspects of Thermal Process Safety

1. Introduction to Risk Analysis of Fine Chemical Processes

   Chemical Industry and Safety
   Risk Analysis
   Safety Data
   Systematic Search for Hazards
   Key Factors for a Successful Risk Analysis

2. Fundamentals of Thermal Process Safety

   Energy Potential
   Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate
   Heat Balance
   Runaway Reactions
   Exercises

3. Assessment of Thermal Risks

   Thermal Risks
   Systematic Assessment Procedure
   Assessment Procedure
   Exercises

4. Experimental Techniques

   Calorimetric Measurement Principles
   Choice of Instruments Used in Safety Laboratories
   Exercises

Part II Mastering Exothermal Reactions

5. General Aspects of Reactor Safety

   Dynamic Stability of Reactors
   Example

6. Batch Reactors

   Principles of Batch Reaction
   Strategies of Temperature Control
   Isothermal Reactions
   Adiabatic Reaction
   Polytropic Reaction
   Isoperibolic Reaction
   Temperature Controlled Reaction
   Key Factors for the Safe Design of Batch Reactors
   Exercises

7. Semi-batch Reactors

   Principles of Semi-batch Reaction
   Reactant Accumulation in Semi-batch Reactors
   Design of Safe Semi-batch Reactors
   Isothermal Reaction
   Isoperibolic, Constant Cooling Medium Temperature
   Non-isothermal Reaction
   Strategies of Feed Control
   Choice of Temperature and Feed Rate
   Feed Control by Accumulation
   Exercises

8. Continuous Reactors

   Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors
   Tubular Reactors
   Other Continuous Reactor Types

9. Technical Aspects of Reactor Safety

   Temperature Control of Industrial Reactors
   Heat Exchange Across the Wall
   Evaporative Cooling
   Dynamics of the Temperature Control System and Process Design
   Exercises

10. Risk Reducing Measures

    Strategies of Choice
    Eliminating Measures
    Technical Preventing Measures
    Emergency Measures
    Design of Technical Measures
    Exercises

Part III Avoiding Secondary Reactions

11. Thermal Stability

    Thermal Stability and Secondary Decomposition Reactions
    Consequences of Secondary Reactions
    Triggering Conditions
    Experimental Characterization of Decomposition Reactions
    Exercises

12. Autocatalytic Reactions

    Autocatalytic Decompositions
    Characterization of Autocatalytic Reactions
    Practical Safety Aspects for Autocatalytic Reactions
    Exercises

13. Heat Confinement

    Heat Accumulation Situations
    Heat Balance
    Heat Balance with Reactive Material
    Assessing Heat Accumulation Conditions
    Exercises

14. Symbols

Index

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