Turbine Steam Path Vol. 1 affords anyone seeking information on turbine steam path maintenance and repair a complete and focused working knowledge of the subject—from the experienced engineer to industry lay person.
The reader of Turbine Steam Path will be able to:
- Identify the type and severity of any damage
- Suggest possible cause of damage
- Indicate the most appropriate corrective actions available
Contents
1. Considerations of a Turbine Steam Path Maintenance Strategy
- Considerations Relating to Maintenance Strategy
- The Turbing Outrage
- Establishing the Need for Unit Shutdown
- Outrage Scheduling
- Interval Between Maintenance Outrages
- The Available Corrective Options
- Distinction Between Causes and Mechanisms of Failure
- Component Susceptibility for Deterioration
- Instantaneous Damage or Failure
- Factors Contributing to Gradual Deterioration
- Monitoring Damage and Deterioration
- Replacement Parts Strategy and Supply
2. Steam Path Component Alignment and Stage Spatial Requirements
- Predictable Factors Affecting Design Clearance
- Rotor Vertical Deflection
- Differential Expansion
- Radial Expansion of the Steam Path Parts
- Diaphragm Deflection at Pressure and Temperature
- Unit "End-to-End" Lateral Alignment
- Methods of Field Alignment
- Unpredictable Factors Affecting Design Clearance
- Steam Path Area Requirements
- The Stage Operating Definition
- Steam Path Component Arrangement
- Blade Vane and Cascade Geometry
- The Effect of Vane Placement Errors
3. Steam Path Damage Induced by Water
- Water Condensation in Expanding Steam
- Radial Distribution of Moisture
- Moisture Deposition
- Measuring Moisture Distribution and Content
- Water Removal from the Steam Path
- Moisture-induced Damage
- Moisture-impact Erosion
- Blade-trailing Edge Erosion
- Wire-drawing Erosion
- Water-washing Erosion
- Water Ingestion into the Steam Path
4. Operational Events Giving Rise to Steam Path Damage
- Foreign Object Impact Damage
- Sources of the Impacting Objects
- Impact Damage Classification
- Solid-particle Erosion
- Scale Formation
- The Erosion Mechanisms
- Material Loss Patterns Due to SPE
- Protective Measures Against Erosion
- SPE Influence on Stage Performance
- Stream Path Component Rubbing
- Fretting Corrosion
5. Steam Path Damage and Deterioration from Material Property Degradation
- Considerations of Material Structure
- High-temperature Creep
- Creep Deformation
- The Creep Mechanism
- Creep Rate
- Creep in Steam Path Components
- High-cycle Fatigue
- The High-cycle Phenomena
- Rotating Blade Vibratory Stresses
- Material Properties
- Fatigue Stresses and their Representation
- Crack Growth
- HCF Failure Surface Appearance
- Creep Fatigue
- Temper Embrittlement
- Low-cycle Thermal Fatigue
- Thermal Transients
- Determination of Thermal Stresses
- Components Operating at High Temperature
6. Steam Path Damage and Deterioration from the Deposition of Contaminants
- Source of Steam Path Impurities
- The Composition of Deposits
- The Removal of Chemical Deposits from the Steam Path
- Steam Path Cleaning Methods
- Deposition Patterns
- Steam Path Efficiency Deterioration
- Steam Path Corrosion
- Forms of the Corrosion Process
Index
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