Contents

History of Surgery and Related Fields

1. Epilepsy surgery in Europe before the 19th century
2. Epilepsy surgery in Asia before the 19th century
3. Epilepsy surgery in Latin America before the 19th century
4. Epilepsy surgery in Germany
5. Epilepsy surgery in France
6. Epilepsy surgery in Italy
7. Epilepsy surgery in Switzerland
8. Epilepsy surgery in Austria
9. Epilepsy surgery in the Nordic countries
10. The development of epilepsy surgery in the Netherlands and Belgium
11. History of epilepsy surgery in the Middle- and East-European countries and Russia
12. Epilepsy surgery in Canada
13. A brief history of epilepsy surgery in the United States
14. Epilepsy surgery in Latin America
15. Epilepsy surgery in Africa
16. History of epilepsy surgery in Southeast Asia
17. Treatment of epilepsy in Australia
18. Epilepsy surgery in Korea
19. Epilepsy surgery in Thailand
20. History of epilepsy and seizure classification
21. History of electroencephalography as a presurgical evaluation tool: the pre-Berger years
22. History of neuroimaging in the presurgical evaluation
23. Epilepsy surgery in literature and film
24. The future of epilepsy surgery

25. Medical intractability in epilepsy
26. Epidemiology of the intractable generalized epilepsies
27. Genetic factors contributing to medically intractable epilepsy
28. Informed consent
29. Epilepsy surgery: access, costs, and quality of life
30. Epilepsy surgery: patient selection
31. Exclusion criteria

32. Classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies
33. Mesial temporal sclerosis
34. Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy
35. Premotor and central lobe epilepsy
36. Mesial frontal epilepsy
37. Basal frontal lobe epilepsy
38. Parieto-occipital lobe epilepsy
39. Insular epilepsy
40. Cingulate epilepsy
41. Hypothalamic hamartomas
42. Rasmussen syndrome
43. The Landau–Kleffner syndrome
44. The Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: a surgically remediable epilepsy?
45. Medically intractable epilepsies not remediable by surgery
46. Special characteristics of surgically remediable epilepsies in infants

47. General principles of pre-surgical evaluation

48. The symptomatogenic zone – general principles
49. Auras: localizing and lateralizing value
50. Autonomic seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
51. Simple motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
52. omplex motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
53. Dialeptic seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
54. Special seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
55. The irritative zone: general principles
56. Noninvasive electroencephalography evaluation of the irritative zone
57. The irritative zone evaluated with invasive recordings
58. The significance of interictal fast ripples in the evaluation of the epileptogenic zone
59. Magnetoencephalography in the evaluation of the irritative zone
60. agnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the irritative zone
61. Digital tools for reviewing the electroencephalogram: montage reformatting and filtering
62. Average reference and Laplacian montages
63. Automatic detection of epileptic spikes
64. Source localization of electroencephalography spikes
65. Antiepileptic drug withdrawal in presurgical evaluation: advantages, disadvantages, and guidelines
66. Effects of sleep and sleep deprivation on seizures and the electroencephalography in epilepsy

67. The ictal onset zone: general principles, pitfalls, and caveats
68. Noninvasive electroencephalography in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone
69. Indications for invasive electroencephalography evaluations
70. Invasive electrodes in long-term monitoring
71. Foramen ovale and epidural electrodes in the definition of the seizure onset zone
72. Subdural electrodes
73. Stereoelectroencephalography
74. DC recordings to localize the ictal onset zone
75. fMRI in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone
76. Ictal SPECT in the definition of the seizure onset zone
77. Automatic detection of epileptic seizures
78. ‘Preictal’ predictors of epileptic seizures
79. Effect of anticonvulsant withdrawal on seizure semiology and ictal electroencephalography
80. Zone of electrical stimulation induced seizures in subdural electrodes

81. The epileptogenic lesion: general principles
82. Magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy: mesial temporal sclerosis
83. Magnetic resonance imaging in neurocutaneous syndromes
84. Magnetic resonance imaging in epileptogenic neoplasms
85. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with epilepsy
86. Post-processing of the magnetic resonance imaging to better define structural abnormalities

87. The functional deficit zone: general principles
88. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and positron emission tomography
89. PET in neocortical epilepsies
90. Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup: risk factors for post-surgical deficits
91. Pre-surgical psychiatric evaluations: risk factors for post-surgical deficits
92. Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup in children and intellectually disabled adults with epilepsy
93. Wada test and epileptogenic zone
94. Event-related potentials in patients with epilepsy

95. Eloquent cortex and tracts: overview and noninvasive evaluation methods
96. Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of the motor area
97. Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of memory

98. The epileptogenic zone: general principles
99. Future methods for the direct assessment of the epileptogenic zone

100. The patient management conference

101. Anesthesia for epilepsy surgery
102. Placement of subdural grids
103. Placement of depth electrodes
104. Stereoelectroencephalography

105. General principles of cortical mapping by electrical stimulation
106. Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: primary somatosensory and motor areas
107. Cortical mapping by electric stimulation of subdural electrodes: negative motor areas
108. Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: supplementary sensorimotor area in humans
109. Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: language areas
110. Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation: other eloquent areas
111. The role of electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalography synchrony in defining eloquent cortex
112. Cortical mapping using evoked potentials and Bereitschaftspotentials
113. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials to define eloquent cortex
114. Functional localization of the cortex with depth electrodes
115. Intraoperative cortical mapping and intraoperative electrocorticography

116. Resective surgical techniques: mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
117. Resective neocortical techniques in adults
118. Epilepsy and vascular malformations: spectrum of lesions and strategies for management
119. Resective neocortical techniques in children
120. Hemispherectomy techniques

121. Experimental multiple subpial transection: is it still indicated?
122. Multiple subpial transections
123. Corpus callosotomy
124. Radiosurgical treatment of epilepsy
125. Vagal nerve stimulation: experimental data
126. Vagal nerve stimulation: surgical technique and complications
127. Vagus nerve stimulation: human studies
128. Experimental evidence for the involvement of the basal ganglia in the control of epilepsy
129. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

130. Mesial temporal lobectomy: post-surgical seizure frequency
131. Resective surgery in children
132. Hemispherectomy: post-surgical seizure frequency
133. Psychiatric outcome of epilepsy surgery
134. Psychosocial outcome and quality of life outcome
135. Neuropsychological outcome
136. Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: surgical complications
137. Neocortical focal epilepsy surgery: surgical complications

138. Early post-surgical management of patients with epilepsy
139. Post-surgical pharmacotherapy: discontinuation of anticonvulsants
140. Post-surgical rehabilitation

141. Neuropathology of mesial temporal sclerosis
142. Pathology of neocortical epilepsy
143. Pathology of malformations of cortical development
144. athology of neurocutaneous abnormalities, vascular abnormalities: post-infectious and post-traumatic pathologies associated with epilepsy
145. Pathology of epileptogenic neoplasms
146. In vitro neurophysiological studies
147. In vitro cytochemical studies in epilepsy
148. Animal models of epilepsy with special reference to models relevant for transitional research

149. Surgical failures: pre-surgical evaluation
150. Reoperation after failed epilepsy surgery

151. Lesional mesial temporal epilepsy: case discussions
152. A patient with nonlesional mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
153. Patient with bitemporal lobe epilepsy
154. Patient with lesional neocortical focal epilepsy
155. Patient with nonlesional neocortical epilepsy
156. Patient with extensive malformation of cortical development
157. Hemispherectomy in a patient with catastrophic epilepsy
158. Case studies: Landau–Kleffner syndrome
159. Deep brain stimulation in a patient with medically intractable generalized seizures
160. Successful transcranial magnetic stimulation in a patient with medically intractable focal epilepsy
161. Surgery in a patient with medically intractable gelastic seizures and a hypothalamic hamartoma
162. Surgery in a patient with focal epilepsy and dual pathology

163. Essentials for the establishment of an epilepsy surgery program
164. Classification of seizure outcome following epilepsy surgery
165. Protocol for storage and processing of brain tissue for molecular studies