Viruses in Foods is the first book to focus entirely on viruses in foods. It collates information on the occurrence, detection, transmission, and epidemiology of viruses in various foods.
Methods for the detection of viruses in food, with the exception of shellfish, are not available. It is important, therefore, to develop methods for direct examination of food for viruses and to explore alternate indicators that can accurately reflect the virological quality of food.
Viruses in Foods addresses these issues along with strategies for the prevention and control of viral contamination of food.
Contents
Food Virology: Past, Present and Future
Human and Animal Viruses in Food
- Hepatitis A virus
- Hepatitis E virus
- Norovirus and sapovirus
- rotavirus
- Astrovirus
- Adenovirus
- Enteroviruses
- Other viruses with potential for foodborne transmission
Molecular Virology of Enteric Viruses
- Caliciviruses
- rotaviruses
- Astroviruses
- Enteroviruses
- Hepatitis A virus
- Hepatitis E virus
- Enteric adenoviruses
- Other enteric viruses
Conventional Methods of Virus Detection in Foods
- Methods for the detection of viruses in shellfish
- Detection of viruses by conventional virus isolation
- Detection of viruses by molecular diagnostic techniques
- Methods for virus detection on environmental surfaces
- Methods for virus detection in non-shellfish foods
- Comparison of methods
Molecular Methods of Virus Detection in Foods
- Nonamplification methods
- Amplification methods
- Specimen preparation
- Quality control
- Result interpretation
- Application to foods
Survival and Transport of Enteric Viruses in the Environment
- Viruses in the environment
- Virus persistence in the environment
Bacterial Indicators of Viruses
- Desirable characteristics of indicators
- Bacteria used as indicators for viruses
- Methods for detecting indicator bacteria
- Correlation between indicator bacteria and pathogens in water and food
- Differential survival of bacteria and viruses
- Source tracking
Bacteriophages as Fecal Indicator Organisms
- Indicator organisms
- Coliphages
- Detection of bacteriophages
- Bacteriophages for tracking sources of contamination
Shellfish-Associated Viral Disease Outbreaks
- Case studies
- Outbreak prevention
Epidemiology of Viral Foodborne Outbreaks
- Outbreak detection, investigation, and surveillance
- Molecular epidemiology
- Modes of transmission
- Prevention and control
- Public health importance
Role of Irrigation Water in Crop Contamination by Viruses
- Water quality standards for irrigation water
- Occurrence of viruses in irrigation water
- Contamination of produce during irrigation
- Survival of viruses on produce in the field
Chemical Disinfection Strategies Against Foodborne Viruses
- Basic considerations
- Test methodology to determine virucidal activity
- Factors in testing for virucidal activity
- Currently available tests
- Practical aspects of testing microbicides
- Microbicides in environmental control of foodborne viruses
Foodborne Viruses: Prevention and Control
- Shellfish
- Produce
- Ready-to-eat foods
Index
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