Wood Modification puts wood modification into context and additionally deals with aspects of commercialisation and environmental impact.

Features:

• The use of timber in the 21st century
• Modifying the properties of wood
• Chemical modification of wood: Acetic Anhydride Modification and reaction with other chemicals
• Thermal modification of wood
• Surface modification
• Impregnation modification
• Commercialisation of wood modification
• Environmental consideration and future developments

Contents

The Use of Timber in the Twenty-first Century

• Nonrenewables: a Finite and Exhaustible Resource
• Renewable Materials
• The Global Timber Resource
• Timber Production
• Wood Preservation
• Preservative-treated Wood and Legislation
• Competition from Nonrenewable Materials
• The Need for Wood Modification

Modifying the Properties of Wood

• Wood Properties and Wood Modification.
• Wood Modification Methods.
• The Cell Wall of Wood.
• The Chemical Constituents of Wood.
• The Wood–Water Relationship.
• The Mechanical Properties of Modified Wood.
• Modified Wood and Biological Degradation.
• Wood and Weathering.
• Proof of Bonding

Chemical Modification of Wood (I): Acetic Anhydride Modification

• Reaction Protocols.
• Cell Wall Reactivity.
• Analysis of Anhydride-modified Wood.
• Dimensional Stability.
• Mechanical Properties
• Microbiological Degradation
• Biological Degradation by Insects and Marine Organisms
• Moisture Relationships of Anhydride-modified Wood
• Composites Utilizing Acetic Anhydride Modified Wood

Chemical Modification of Wood (II): Reaction with Other Chemicals

• Reaction of Wood with Other Noncyclic Anhydrides
• Reaction of Wood with Cyclic Anhydrides
• Acetylation Using Ketene Gas
• Carboxylic Acid Modification
• Acid Chloride Modification
• Isocyanate Modification
• Epoxide Modification
• Alkyl Halide Modification
• Aldehyde Modification
• Cyanoethylation
• Beta-Propiolactone
• Quinone Methides

Thermal Modification of Wood

• Process Variables
• Chemical Changes in Wood due to Thermal Modification
• Physical Changes in Wood due to Thermal Modification
• Biological Properties of Thermally Modified Wood
• Compressed Wood
• Oil Heat-treatments

Surface Modification

• Surface Chemical Modification for UV Stability
• Modification to Render the Wood Surface Hydrophobic
• Surface Chemical Modification for Bonding
• Enzymatic Modification
• Corona or Plasma Discharge

Impregnation Modification

• Resin Treatments
• Impregnations using Silicon-containing Compounds
• Other Inorganic Cell Wall Precipitation Treatments
• Cell Wall Impregnation with Monomers
• Cell Wall Impregnation with Polymers

Commercialization of Wood Modification

• Thermal Modification
• Oil Heat Modification/Treatments
• Acetylation
• Impregnation Modification

Wood Modification: Environmental Considerations and Future Developments

• Principles of the Determination of Environmental Impact
• Methods of Determining Environmental Impacts
• The Environmental Impact of Wood Modification
• Industrial Ecology and Wood Modification
• The Future of Wood Modification

Index

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