Wastewater Sludge Processing brings together a wide body of knowledge from the field to examine how to effectively process sludge to reap its benefits, yet protect public health.

Features:

• Discusses unit operations used for processing sludge and the available methods for final disposition of the processed product
• Includes sludge quantities and characteristics, thickening and dewatering, aerobicand anaerobic digestion, alkaline stabilization, composting, thermal drying and incineration, energy consumption, and the beneficial use of biosolids

Contents

• 40 CFR Part 503 Regulation
• General Provisions
• Land Application
• Surface Disposal
• Pathogen and Vector Attraction Reduction
• Incineration

Sludge Quantities and Characteristics

• Types of Sludge
• Primary Sludge
• Secondary Sludge
• Chemical Sludge
• Other Wastewater Residuals
• Sludge Quantity
• Primary Sludge
• Secondary Sludge
• Activated Sludge
• Attached Growth System Sludge
• Chemical sludge
• Sludge Characteristics
• Primary Sludge
• Activated Sludge
• Physical and Biological Properties
• Mass Balance

Thickening and Dewatering

• Conditioning
• Factors Affecting Conditioning
• Chemical Conditioning
• Other Conditioning Methods
• Thickening
• Gravity Thickening
• Dissolved Air Flotation Thickening
• Centrifugal Thickening
• Gravity Belt Thickening
• Rotary Drum Thickening
• Miscellaneous Thickening Methods
• Dewatering
• Centrifugal Dewatering
• Belt Filter Press
• Pressure Filter Press
• Drying Beds
• Other Dewatering Methods

Aerobic Digestion

• Process Theory
• Conventional Aerobic Digestion
• Process Design Considerations
• System Design Considerations
• Operational Considerations
• Process Variations
• High-Purity Oxygen Digestion
• Low Temperature Aerobic Digestion
• Dual Digestion
• Mesophilic Aerobic Digestion
• Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion
• Technological Improvements

Anaerobic Digestion

• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Theory of Anaerobic Digestion
• Environmental Factors
• Solids and Hydraulic Retention Times
• Temperature
• pH and Alkalinity
• Toxic Materials
• Process Variations
• Low-Rate Digestion
• High-Rate Digestion
• Thermophilic Digestion
• Two-Stage Digestion
• Two-Phase Digestion
• Process Design
• Per Capita Basis
• Solids Loading
• Solids Retention Time
• Volatile Solids Reduction
• Gas Production
• System Component Design
• Tank Design
• Digester Covers
• Heating
• Gas Usage
• Design Example 5-1
• Operational Considerations
• Reactor Performance
• Odor Control
• Supernatant
• Struvite
• Digester Cleaning

Alkaline Stabilization

• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Process Theory
• Process Application
• Liquid Lime Stabilization
• Dry Lime Stabilization
• Advanced Alkaline Stabilization Technologies
• Process Design
• Sludge Characteristics
• Contact Time and pH
• Lime Dosage
• Alkaline Material Storage
• Lime Feeding
• Liquid Lime Mixing
• Dry Lime Mixing
• Design Example 6-1
• Process Performance
• Odor Reduction
• Pathogen reduction
• Dewatering Characteristics

Composting

• Composting Process
• Composting Methods
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Composting
• Zoological Characteristics of Compost
• Process Description
• Factors Influencing Composting
• Windrow Process
• Aerated Static Pile process
• In-Vessel Process
• Design Considerations
• Theoretical Aspects of Composting
• Design Example 7-1
• New Technology in Composting
• Organic Content
• Odor
• Temperature and Moisture
• Composting Mixture
• Composting Process Control
• Design Example 7-2
• pH
• Examples of Composting in Europe
• Examples of Composting in the United States

Thermal Drying and Incineration

• Thermal Drying
• Methods of Thermal Drying
• Design Considerations
• Incineration
• Methods of Incineration
• Design Considerations

Comparison of Energy Consumption

• Anaerobic Digestion
• Incineration
• Composting
• Comparison of Thermal Drying and Composting

Beneficial Use of Biosolids

• Requirements for Beneficial Use
• Pollutant Limits
• Pathogen Reduction
• Vector Attraction Reduction
• Management Practices
• Surface Disposal
• Land Application
• Site Evaluation and Selection
• Design Application Rates
• Application Methods
• Application to Dedicated Lands
• Conveyance and Storage of Biosolids
• Beneficial Use of Biosolids in Russia
• Pathogens
• Heavy Metals

Index

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